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Rockwell hardness testing is a widely used method to measure the hardness of materials, particularly metals. It involves applying an indenter under a specific load and measuring the depth of penetration. The Rockwell hardness tester scales, denoted by a letter, indicate the type of indenter and the test force applied. In this article, we will delve into the different Rockwell hardness scales and their applications in various industries.
Rockwell hardness is a measure of the hardness of a material, particularly metals and alloys. It is determined using the Rockwell hardness test. Rockwell hardness tester involves pressing a diamond-pointed cone or a steel ball into the material and measuring the depth of indentation.
The Rockwell hardness value is derived from the final depth of indentation, and it is expressed as a number on a scale. The Rockwell hardness scale is universally accepted in the steel industry as a hardness baseline and is used to report test results uniformly.
The Rockwell hardness test is widely used because it is fast, reliable, and non-destructive. It requires a small area of indentation and provides a precise measurement of a material's resistance to permanent distortion.
Let’s have a look at different scales of Rockwell hardness tester and their particular applications to understand things better.
So, here we go:
This Rockwell hardness tester scale is suitable for thin steel and shallow-depth case-hardened steel scales. The scale A utilizes a diamond cone as the indenter and applies a total load of 60 kg.
This scale is commonly used for measuring the hardness of thin steel, shallow depth case hardened steel, and cemented carbides. The diamond cone ensures accurate readings even on hard materials.
The most common applications of Rockwell hardness tester scale A are in the automotive, aerospace, and manufacturing industries.
The Rockwell B scale employs a 1.588mm steel ball indentor and a major load of 100 kg. It is primarily used for testing materials with medium hardness, such as aluminum alloys, brass, and copper.
The Rockwell B scale is commonly utilized in the aerospace, construction, and manufacturing sectors. It is used to ensure the structural integrity and durability of various components and assemblies.
Scale C extends the measurement range to harder materials compared to scale B. It uses a diamond cone indenter with a 150 kg load. Scale C is employed for materials like hardened steel, cast iron, and other ferrous alloys. Industries that benefit from this scale include aerospace, tooling, and precision engineering, where hardness evaluation is crucial for material selection, quality control, and component durability.
Scale D is designed specifically for measuring the hardness of harder materials such as hardened tool steels, cemented carbides, and thin hard coatings. It employs a diamond cone indenter with a 100 kg load. Scale D is widely utilized in the tool and die industry, where the hardness of cutting tools and dies is critical. In this industry the hardness measurement is critical for their performance and longevity.
Scale E is also known as the superficial Rockwell scale. It uses a 3.175mm steel ball indentor and a lighter load than other scales. Scale E is used for thin materials, like thin sheets, foils, and surface coatings. Industries such as automotive, electronics, and metal fabrication benefit from this scale to assess the hardness of surface treatments, coatings, and plating.
Scale F is another superficial Rockwell scale, employing a 1.588mm steel ball indentor and a light load. This scale is specifically designed for very thin materials, including films, foils, and surface-treated materials.
Scale F is crucial in industries such as packaging, pharmaceuticals, and microelectronics, where the hardness of thin films and coatings directly impacts product quality and performance.
Scale G is used to measure the hardness of materials with thin coatings or case-hardened surfaces. It employs a 1.588mm steel ball indentor with a 150 kg load. Scale G is commonly utilized in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and manufacturing, where hardness assessment of case-hardened components is essential to ensure desired surface properties and resistance to wear and fatigue.
In short, this scale is commonly used for measuring the hardness of materials like phosphor bronze, beryllium copper, and malleable iron. It provides insights into the material's strength, toughness, and resistance to deformation.
Scale H features a 3.175mm steel ball indentor and a total load of 60 kg. It is commonly used for measuring the hardness of aluminum, lead, and zinc. Scale H helps in assessing the material's structural integrity, machinability, and suitability for specific applications.
Scale K employs a 3.175mm steel ball indentor and a total load of 150 kg. This scale is specifically designed to measure the hardness of soft-bearing materials. It provides valuable information about the material's load-bearing capacity, wear resistance, and overall performance.
Overall, it is ideal to use for soft-bearing materials.
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